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Integral Psychology

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Written by Moses SIlbiger, M.A.

Integral Psychology is:

  • A specific framework based on Integral Theory (AQAL Model) that covers a spectrum of models from the fields of Psychology, Psychotherapy, Consciousness and Spirituality. 

  • An emerging academic field that refers to various Eastern and Western models of psychology and spirituality, including pre-modern, modern and post-modern aspects. 

  • Composed by overarching body of knowledge that acknowledges and integrates partial and complementary truths related to a spectrum of fields and approaches.

  • A framework that embraces many individual and collective aspects of human development, both in its exterior (objective) and interior (subjective) manifestations, providing an integrated map for understanding past, present and future potentials for human development and evolution. 

  • An approach that considers human development as a broad, overarching concept that cover different and complementary definitions from various disciplines, fields and schools.
Figure: Different Altitude scales (colors) related to various Levels (Wilber, 2007) - colors added

According to the Integral Psychology framework (Wilber, 2007, 2000), human development has a very broad meaning, which embraces systematic definitions from various fields:

  • Psychoanalysis (Freud)
  • Analytical Psychology (Jung)
  • Cognitive-Behavioral Psychology (Piaget, Skinner)
  • Humanistic & Existential Psychology (Maslow, Rogers)
  • Transpersonal Psychology (Walsh & Vaughan)
  • Positive Psychology (Seligman)
  • Developmental Psychology & Structuralism (Piaget)
  • Post-Developmental Psychology (Maslow, Cook-Greuter, Kegan, Wilber)
  • + others...
Integral Psychology also takes in similar consideration other conventional definitions of human development related to Social (e.g., Erikson), Economic (e.g., Smith), and Educational (e.g., Perry) - hence embracing a whole spectrum of individual, behavioral, physical, cultural, and social aspects.

From the perspectives of Integral Psychology and “post-Piagetian” Developmental Psychology, human development embraces a developmental continuum that integrates both mastering/integration (horizontal growth) and transformation (vertical growth) of various objective, subjective, and inter-subjective personal traits, including attitudes, beliefs, worldviews, social and relational skills,; cognitive functions, technical capacities, overall health and wellness, among others.

Figure: Different Altitude scales (colors) related to various Levels and Lines  (Wilber, 2007) - colors added

This developmental continuum ranges from:

  1. Hard skills (objective & practical) kinds of growth - e.g., technical skills, and special talents such as math, music and kinesthetic skills; to...
  2. Soft skills (subjective and inter-subjective) kinds of growth - e.g., behaviors and cognition, self-awareness, self-care, and interpersonal, emotional, cultural, social and moral intelligences; to...
  3. Self-Actualization skills (ontological, existential, and spiritual*) kinds of growth - e.g., spiritual awareness, environmental and humanitarian care, agnosticism, religious faith, and inner drives for self-actualization and transformation.

    Integral Spirituality: * Four basic distinctions of spiritual growth proposed by Wilber (2007):

    3a. Moving to the highest levels of development in any line of intelligence
    3b. Development of a separate spiritual line of intelligence
    3c. Increase of extraordinary peak experiences or altered States of consciousness, including state-stage training
    3d. Nurturance of particularly special or “spiritual attitudes” that can be present in any stage of human development, such as love, care, forgiveness, patience, compassion, and wisdom.

According to developmental and integral psychology researchers, all the 3 main traits that compose this human developmental continuum have the intrinsic capacity to improve and transform in qualitative ways within and through different levels of development related to multiple and complementary lines of Intelligence

Human development is also influenced by the capacity one has to access and master different or altered states of consciousness (e.g., subjective moods, inner states of flow, engagement, relaxation, creativity, openness), and can vary significantly in relation to different personality types (e.g., Myers-Briggs, Enneagram)